The First and Greatest Commandment

 

We are all familiar with the reply of Jesus to the lawyer who tempted him by asking, "Master, which is the great commandment in the law?" Jesus replied  (Matt.   22:37-40), "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.  This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets."

 

As those who wish to be considered the children of God we have to realize and to remember that God does not command aimlessly. Whatever he has commanded he expects to be obeyed by those who seek to approach unto him. It is written (Lev. 10:3), "I will be sanctified in them that come nigh me, and before all people I will be glorified". God does not ask the impossible, but he asks a great deal, and he furthermore expects the very best of our efforts in rising to that which is required. In commanding his people to love him with all the heart and soul and mind God has challenged the very best that we can bring forth.

 

If the command to love God so completely seems extreme, let us remember that the basis for such a command is extreme. This basis is the uniqueness of our relationship to God. We are his creatures, and we belong to him. God has said (Ezek. 18:4), "Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine; the soul that sinneth, it shall die". To whom else but God are we indebted for the possession of life, of health, for the protection from harm? To whom else but God are we indebted for the promise of eternal life and rulership with Christ in the age to come? Who else but the Almighty is the perfection of goodness, holiness, power, and love? In a word, there is no one who has loved us or could have loved us in the way our Father in heaven has done.  The command to love God with all the heart and soul and mind is nothing more than the command to be decent enough to be grateful for the love which he has bestowed upon us. As our Father and as our benefactor God has the right to claim our gratitude, our praise, and our love.  Of all the sins that men commit, none is more reprehensible than the sin of ingratitude.  A merciful God can and does forgive sins arising out of weakness, but the ungrateful despiser of his goodness can never receive forgiveness.

 

Knowing, as we do, the goodness and the love of God toward us, we should delight to say with David (Psa. 103:1-14), "Bless the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless his holy name. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits:  who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy diseases; who redeemeth thy life from destruction; who crowneth thee with lovingkindness and tender mercies; who satisfieth thy mouth with good things; so that thy youth is renewed like the eagle's.  The Lord executeth righteousness and judgment for all that are oppressed. He made known his ways unto Moses, his acts unto the children of Israel. The Lord is merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and plenteous in mercy. He will not always chide: neither will he keep his anger for ever.  He hath not dealt with us after our sins; nor rewarded us according to our iniquities. For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great is his mercy toward them that fear him. As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us.  Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dust."

 

We cannot over-emphasize the importance of this gratitude we owe to God. It must be the primary motivating force in our religion. If God, the perfect, the pure, and the almighty can condescend to look unto us the imperfect, the impure, the powerless and to give us such generous blessings and glorious promises, why can we not return in our best but feeble way a practical expression of love and thanks to him? It is such a sad commentary upon the people of God, both past and present, that in spite of their enlightenment they have taken for granted all his blessings and have not rendered unto him the honor and the thanks which are sincere and acceptable in the eyes of the Lord. The Scriptures abound with the miserable failures of the children of Israel. They received God's very special care and blessings and then proceeded to forget him. Moses testified of them (Deut. 32:15), "But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked . . . then he forsook God which made him, and lightly esteemed the rock of his salvation". But Israelites are not unique in this respect.  It is ever the tendency of the whole human family and a tendency which we must be ever alert to detect in ourselves and to overcome.

 

God has given us exceeding great and precious promises that by these we might be partakers of the divine nature.  In these we should rejoice and give diligence to make our calling and election sure. They should serve as a stimulus to serve God acceptably that we may not fail. But, as we mentioned above, gratitude must be the primary motivating element in our religion. To desire God's promised reward is necessary and legitimate, but if the search for a reward is our only motivation in our religion, we do not really love God and hence break the first and greatest commandment. When God finds a man who will serve him, not primarily for the hand-out he wants from God, but because he loves God for what God is and would not be a selfish and thankless wretch in the eyes of Him who has blessed him; there God finds a man after his own heart.

 

Before a man will work hard at something; before he will put his heart into it; and above all, before he will sacrifice heavily for it, he must be thoroughly convinced that the cause is worthy and serves a noble purpose. You cannot call forth the best that is in men, merely by the lure of pay.  For example, your ten-dollar fees are not purchasing for you any more faithful medical service than one dollar or even only a promise to pay does from the faithful old country physician.  Men will fight and even die for a principle in which they believe passionately. It takes something more than a promise of a reward to call forth the best that is in us.  It demands the elements of profound respect and devotion to a noble purpose to make us sacrifice for the cause.

 

For this reason we believe that we over-emphasize the element of reward in our service to God. We repeat that the desire for the promised reward is necessary and legitimate, but we have, to use a current expression, "brought people into the truth" without teaching them the very first principle of truth which is, "Thou shall love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind". Furthermore, we fear that we have not always set them a very good practical example to aid them in learning this most essential doctrine.  Some of us may realize, even though we may not wish to confess it, that we have lived, perhaps many years, in supposed fellowship with the Father and with his Son, Jesus Christ, without walking in the true light of the love of God.

 

Though God has rich rewards to bestow. He is not looking far bargain hunters. He can find plenty of them. Furthermore, he is not looking for those merely seeking shelter from the terrors to come. John the Baptist told the Pharisees and Sadducees (Matt. 3:7), "O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come? Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance: and think not to say within yourselves. We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham." Neither the desire for a reward nor the desire to escape from wrath to come is enough to bring forth true repentance. True repentance is not a matter of making a shrewd calculation as to just how much we are willing to give up in the way of worldly advantages in order to avoid missing out on the rewards to be distributed later.  A man is not truly repentant until he firmly believes that God's way is the only right way, while his own way is wrong. He is not truly repentant until he admires and loves God's way and desires to order his life thereby.

 

It is our considered judgment that from the very beginning we must teach those whom we can interest in the gospel that God is looking only for those who desire to walk in God’s way. They should be taught that God has a just claim on their services and affections; that it is an honor and a great privilege to serve the living God and his beloved Son; that God is not offering them a soft deal and a free pass to his kingdom and glory; but rather an opportunity to prove through trial and suffering that they are capable of loving in some measure as they have been loved; to prove that they can rise above the things temporal and petty to the things eternal and perfect.  They must be taught that human nature is unclean in God's sight and that we must strive to purify ourselves even as our Master perfected himself, but that by expending our best efforts to overcome our uncleanness. God will be pleased to make us truly clean after resurrection and judgment.

 

There is more to the love of God than gratitude for his temporal blessings and for his promise of reward in the age to come. God is perfect in all his ways.  His goodness is not only something to be thankful for; it is something to be adored. Merely to give intellectual assent to his goodness is not enough. We must worship the Lord in the spirit of holiness. We should compare our own moral weakness with his moral perfection and through meditation on this learn how to give him reverence.

 

Love is not as strange a thing to our natures as it may at first seem. In fact, we humans, if we have normal intelligence and health, are a peculiar mixture of love and hatred.  The important question is: What do we love and what do we hate?  This makes all the difference in the world. It is written (I Tim. 6:10), "... the love of money is the root of all evil", yet we will all agree that we are all capable of this love.  It is likewise written that in these last times (II Tim. 3:2,4), ". . . men shall be lovers of their own selves . . . lovers of pleasure more than lovers of God". We read also that "Solomon loved many strange women". All of these loves come as naturally to us as loving to eat. These loves can be cultivated and strengthened by their indulgence. But the fact that these loves come naturally to us does not make them virtues, as the world would have us to believe. Our loves are largely a matter of education, whether it be an education upward to godliness or an education downward to slavery to the flesh.

 

The fulfilling of this first and greatest commandment is very much a matter of education; an education not obtainable in colleges and universities but only through the diligent study of the only source of instruction in God's way, the Holy Scriptures.  It requires an upward education of our affections; a learning to desire and to love the things which are good; a learning to eschew and to hate those things which are evil; an education in godliness and the things which pertain unto God.  Nothing substitutes for it, and nothing else will perform this transformation of our affections.   As the Apostle Paul wrote (Rom. 12:2), ". . . be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God".

 

This transformation of our attitude, this education of our affections can only be based upon knowledge, as is true with all forms of education. It cannot be achieved through ignorance. There are some who think that all this insistence on correct doctrine is wrong; that we really do not have to be too careful on details; that if only we have love in our hearts, the doctrines will take care of themselves. Such a view is sheer sentimentality and teeters precariously on the brink of unbelief.  Right actions including right love are based upon right doctrine.  Our actions can never be better than our doctrine, though it is easily possible for our doctrine to be far better than our actions.  There are, on the other side, some who regard doctrine as the only thing of importance and who fail utterly to show by their actions that they were ever acquainted with the command to love. Either extreme is a gross error and provocative of confusion, amounting in either case to a denial of the Lord and Master whom we serve.  We must, therefore, be guided by knowledge in the education of our affections.

 

The acquisition of knowledge is always a slow and laborious process, particularly if it is the acquisition of the knowledge of higher things. There is no royal road to learning.  While education downward to lower things comes easily, like drifting with the stream, education to higher things requires that we row against the current, and that is exhausting.  Learning to love God comes to us neither under the stress of fear inspired into our minds by others nor by the dread of the punishments God might inflict upon us.  God is not acceptably served by cringing cowards. The love of God cannot come to us through dictation or human legislation.  No one can force us to love God, and God himself will not force us to do so either.  What would he want of our praise, of our services, or of our offerings, if they did not come from our hearts?

 

It follows from this that our refraining from committing sin and our doing of good deeds are a sham and a mockery in God's sight unless our affections are educated away from that which is evil and towards that which is good. If we do not commit a sin merely because it may decrease our reward, we are no more righteous than the person who decides not to buy the new car he wants, because it would cost him too much money. Such a person is not a loving servant of God. He is a hireling. He is thinking only in terms of what it may cost him, and the possible loss of his reward is the deciding factor—not Joseph's attitude (Gen. 39:9), "... how then can I do this great wickedness and sin against God?" He who does admirable deeds and refrains from outward evil in order to retain the respect of the community is not a righteous servant of God.  He may deceive men, but God is not mocked. His actions spring from the love of the praise of men and not from a love of God. The righteous in the sight of God are those who do good, not through fear of punishment or of loss of a reward or of public opinion, but because they abhor that which is evil and love that which is good. It was said of Jesus (Heb. 1:9), "Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity", and his Father therefore testified at his baptism, "This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased".

 

As Christadelphians we are inclined to look with great favor upon ourselves because we understand more of the plan and purpose of God than do our neighbors about us. This is a dangerous thing to do, for when we measure ourselves by ourselves and compare ourselves with ourselves, we are likely to come up with some very warped conclusions. We have a standard to which all comparisons should be related, and that standard shines forth unmistakably from the gospel record. When he who set that standard said to the Pharisees and Sadducees (John 5:42), ". . . I know you, that ye have not the love of God in you" he was not talking to men who had not searched the Scriptures.  Jesus accused them of concluding from the Scriptures that they had eternal life, the very Scriptures which testified of him. Why did they not have the love of God in them? It was because they lavished all their love upon themselves and their own traditions and had none left for God. Their knowledge was a formal knowledge of written law embellished with human tradition, but it had not educated their affections upward to the love of God.  Jesus quoted against them the words of Isaiah (Matt. 15:8), "This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoreth me with their lips; but their heart is far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men".   Our knowledge of the Scriptures is a wonderful possession and a thing to be used as the carpenter does his tools.  But tools alone will not build a house, and knowledge, if it be merely information, does not commend us to God.  If the law of God is not written in our hearts, our acquaintance with it will profit us little. It is written (Rom. 10:10), "For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation".  Note what the apostle says further on this point (I Cor. 13:2,R.V.)  "And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not love, I am nothing".  Nothing, absolutely nothing! We are not here dealing in sentiment. We are soberly and scripturally affirming first principles, the first and greatest commandment.

 

The Master said also to the lawyer that there is a second commandment like unto the first which is, "Thou halt love thy neighbor as thyself". To the world this commandment appeals far more strongly than the first, because it is easier to do and appears to glorify man. They would be quite happy to dispense with the first and to apply their own interpretation to the second.

 

Actually, the second commandment follows logically from the first, for he who loves God will not hate those who belong to God. Is it not written (John 3:16), "For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life"? Likewise it is written (II Pet. 3:9) that God is "not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance". They are his creatures, the works of his hands, and he would have all of them to be saved, if only they would turn unto him. If the perfect and pure Heavenly Father can love them and desire their salvation, can we who are imperfect justly hate them? If we hate them, how shall we be able to teach them to love and the way to eternal life? We may hate their works, as we must hate all iniquity, but the creature belongs to God to deal with as he sees fit.

 

To love our neighbors as ourselves we understand to mean to do unto them as we would that men should do unto us. This is nothing more than to be consistent with our love of God and our efforts to live godly lives. It gives us a chance to practice on a small scale, as it were, the love we have toward God and to develop the godly virtues. How can we appreciate how much God has forgiven us, if we do not practice forgiving those who wrong us or fail to live up to what we expect of them? How can we appreciate God's forbearance with our shortcomings if we do not bear patiently with the slights and annoyances our brethren cause us? How can we know and appreciate the mercy of God toward us, if we are unkind toward our brethren and fail to help them when they are in need? How can we be pure in heart, if we suspect our brother of all manner of error and evil intentions?  How can we be said to hunger and thirst after righteousness if we do not set a good example for our brethren (and the world, too, for that matter) that they may see our good works and glorify our Father who is in heaven?  In short, to love our brother is but to practice on what we can perceive through the senses of sight and hearing that which we must become in an age which we can only perceive through the eye of faith. As John so aptly stated (John 4:20), "If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar:  for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?" "On these two commandments", said Jesus, "hang all the law and the prophets", or in the words of Paul (Rom. 13:10), "Love is the fulfilling of the law".

 

John S. Peake

 

 

 

The Christadelphian Advocate, December 1954, pgs 265-270